diff --git a/solution/backend/common/enums.py b/solution/backend/common/enums.py
index 2be71f0..af41736 100644
--- a/solution/backend/common/enums.py
+++ b/solution/backend/common/enums.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class ErrorType(Enum):
     COLLECT_ALREADY_RUNNING = auto()
 
     # 생성(generator) 관련 에러
-    GENERATOR_NOT_CONFIGURED = 1500       # GEMINI_API_KEY 미설정
+    GENERATOR_NOT_CONFIGURED = 1500       # 활성 LLM 공급자의 키 미설정(llm/provider.missing_key)
     GENERATOR_CALL_FAILED = auto()
     GENERATOR_INVALID_OUTPUT = auto()     # 구조화 출력 파싱 실패
     GENERATOR_LOW_CONFIDENCE = auto()     # 신뢰도 낮음 — 자동 반영 금지, 사람 확인 큐로
diff --git a/solution/backend/services/collect_service.py b/solution/backend/services/collect_service.py
index 71bf285..b250ee4 100644
--- a/solution/backend/services/collect_service.py
+++ b/solution/backend/services/collect_service.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from common.category_schema import get_schema
 from services.collector import AdapterDisabled, AdapterNotFound, REGISTRY
 from services.collector import yanolja_adapter
 from services.external import naver_place_lookup, perplexity, tour_lookup
+from services.llm import provider
 from services.fact_service import FactService
 from router.v1.fact.protocol import Req_UpsertFact
 from common.job_errors import PermanentJobError
@@ -752,7 +753,7 @@ async def _enqueue_vision(place_id: str, owner_user_id: str) -> str | None:
     from services.job_service import enqueue_job
 
     if not gemini.is_configured():
-        LOG.i("[collect] GEMINI_API_KEY 미설정 — 사진 분석 건너뜀(사진은 확인 큐에 남는다)")
+        LOG.i(f"[collect] {provider.missing_key()} 미설정 — 사진 분석 건너뜀(사진은 확인 큐에 남는다)")
         return None
     job_id, _created = await enqueue_job(
         JobQueue(), JobType.VISION,
diff --git a/solution/backend/services/copy_service.py b/solution/backend/services/copy_service.py
index 976a1fd..3f8f0ae 100644
--- a/solution/backend/services/copy_service.py
+++ b/solution/backend/services/copy_service.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 from common.logger import LOG
 from services.copy_steps import CopyAborted, prepare_copy, generate_copy, save_copy, fill_faqs
 from services.external import gemini_text
+from services.llm import provider
 from services.job_progress import JobProgress
 
 COPY_STEPS = ("prepare", "generate", "save", "faq_fill")
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ async def run_copy(job: dict) -> dict:
     copy = None
     note = None
     if inputs.ungrounded or not gemini_text.is_configured():
-        note = "근거로 쓸 확인된 fact 가 없다" if inputs.ungrounded else "GEMINI_API_KEY 미설정"
+        note = "근거로 쓸 확인된 fact 가 없다" if inputs.ungrounded else f"{provider.missing_key()} 미설정"
         await progress.skip("generate", "no_facts" if inputs.ungrounded else "not_configured")
         if inputs.catalog is None and not inputs.ungrounded:
             raise CopyAborted(note)
diff --git a/solution/backend/services/llm/provider.py b/solution/backend/services/llm/provider.py
index 4dcea41..3e9b23c 100644
--- a/solution/backend/services/llm/provider.py
+++ b/solution/backend/services/llm/provider.py
@@ -8,3 +8,13 @@ from services.llm import gemini, openai
 
 def active():
     return openai if external_api_config.llm_provider == "openai" else gemini
+
+
+def missing_key() -> str:
+    """지금 활성인 공급자에게 필요한 env 이름. 키가 없을 때 **그 공급자를** 가리키려고 쓴다.
+
+    ★ 예전에는 호출측이 "GEMINI_API_KEY 미설정" 을 문자열로 박아 뒀다. 공급자를 openai 로
+      바꾼 뒤에도 그 문구가 그대로 나가서, **없는 것은 OPENAI_API_KEY 인데 화면은 Gemini 를
+      탓했다**(실측 2026-09-21: 로컬에서 소개문이 안 나와 Gemini 키를 한참 들여다봤다).
+      원인을 정확히 반대로 가리키는 종류라, 문구를 공급자에서 끌어오게 바꿨다."""
+    return "OPENAI_API_KEY" if active() is openai else "GEMINI_API_KEY"
diff --git a/solution/backend/services/song_service.py b/solution/backend/services/song_service.py
index 52291ad..d84a829 100644
--- a/solution/backend/services/song_service.py
+++ b/solution/backend/services/song_service.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ from crud.place_crud import PlaceCRUD
 from crud.song_crud import SongCRUD
 from services import place_research, site_payload
 from services.external import gemini_text, suno
+from services.llm import provider
 from services.llm.gemini import GeminiError, GeminiInvalidOutput, GeminiNotConfigured
 from common.job_errors import PermanentJobError
 
@@ -187,8 +188,8 @@ async def ensure_song(place_id: str, owner_user_id: str, *, force: bool = False)
                 region=region, grounding=lines, intro=intro, client=client,
             )
         except GeminiNotConfigured:
-            LOG.i(f"[song] place={place_id} 건너뜀 — GEMINI_API_KEY 미설정")
-            return {"place_id": place_id, "skipped": "GEMINI_API_KEY 미설정"}
+            LOG.i(f"[song] place={place_id} 건너뜀 — {provider.missing_key()} 미설정")
+            return {"place_id": place_id, "skipped": f"{provider.missing_key()} 미설정"}
         except GeminiInvalidOutput as ex:
             LOG.i(f"[song] place={place_id} 건너뜀 — {ex}")
             return {"place_id": place_id, "skipped": str(ex)}